Wergêran wek diyardeyekî Ferhengsaz

Wergêran wek diyardeyekî Ferhengsaz

Haşim Ahmedzade – Latînîzekirin: Mehmed Emîn Cirik

Eger wergêran le seretayîtirîn pênase da birîtî bêt legwasitneweyî nûsînêkî diyarîkiraw lezmanêkewe bo zemanêkîtir, ewe her le seretawe ême legel gwasitneweyî ferhengêkîş rrûberrûyin bo naw ferhengêkî tirewe. Be watayekîtir wergêr kesêkî kewek sûjeyekî tiwana be zanînî dû ziman, derfetî pêwendîyî komellgeyekî yekzimane legell komellegeyekîtir lerêgayî ziman xoyewe dexalqênêt û bemcore lerêgayî zemanewe xuwênereweyî deqî wergêrdiraw debate naw dalanekanî dunyayekîtir û şêwe bînînêkîtir.[1] Lêre da min ziman tenya wek amrazî pêwendî nabînim û pêçewane wek helgirî barî manayî û cîhanbînî axêweranî zimaneke seyrî dekem. Ciyawaz lemzar û buwarî bas û deqî wergêrdiraw her wergêranêk şêweyî ruwanîn û bawerrî axêweranî zimanî serçawe bo zimanî mebest wata zimanî yekem bo zimanî dûhem degwênêtewe. Le xora nîye ke le helsengandinî wergêrî çak da delên kewergêrêkî baş her be tenya zimanekanî serçawe û mebest baş nazanêt, bellku ferhengî axêweran û komellgeyî herdû zimanekeş bebaşî denasêt. Bo nimûne katêk ême romanêk le erebîyewe dekeyne kurdî, ewe her nawerok û gêraneweyî dastanyî romaneke be hebû rûdawekanîyewe nîye ke dekrête kurdî, bellku şêweyî formûlekirdinî cîhan û dewruberîşî le rwangeyî locîkî zimanî erebîyewe degwazrêtewe naw zimanî kurdî. Bemcoreş wergêr her dozereweyî barteqayî manayî wişe erebîyekan bo kurdî nîye, ew le rastî da hokarêke bo afrandinî fezayîkîtirî riwanîn le mirov û dewruberî le dereweyî sinûrekanî ferhengî zimanî xoyî û le xuwarçêweyî ferhengekîtir da. Bemcore wergêr her pirdî nêwan zimanekanî serçawe û mebest nîye, bellku pirrdî nêwan ferhengekanî zimanî serçawe û mebestîşe. Eger ciyawazî zimanî serçawe bo zimanî mebest wata lew zimanî ke deqekeyî pênûsrawe bo ew zimanî ke deqekeyî pêwergêrdirawe, zor bineretî bêt ewe beşêk le cîhanbînyî zimanî serçawe tenanet wişekanîşî legell xoyî degwêzêtewe naw zimanî mebest. Ciyawazî astî karkirdî zimanekan û radeyî geşekirdûyyan le buware ciyawazekan da piryarderî zimareyî ew wişanyeke rastew xo le zimanî serçawera dêne naw zimanî mebestewe û yaxud be şêweyek le şêweyekan barteqayekyan bo dedozrîtewe.

Diyardeyî wergêran derkiryê lerehendî ciyawazewe basyî leser bikirêt. Eweyî kerergêran wek proseyekî gorînî wişe û riste û paragraf û deqî zimanêkî diyarîkraw çon berê wedeçêt û çi mîkanîzmêkî zimanî û mêşkî û nasîn lew rewte da deqewmêt, yek lew basaneye ke zimannasan û tenanet feylesufanîşî yexoyewe serqal kurduwe û tiyorîgelî ciyawaz lemyarewe hatûne arawe. Eweyke wergêran le ruwanînêkî diyakironî wata le rêreweyî zeman da çon buwe û çon pereyî girnuwe û be çi agargelî da royiştuwe, detwanî rehendêkî tirî helsengandikî wergêran û karkirdekanî bêt. Layenî sînkironîk wata êstayî wergêran û eweyke halumerc û cor û şêweyî wergêran le êsta da û le zimanêkî diyarîkraw da çone, şêweyekî tire le lêkolînewe le diyardeyî wergêran. Layenêkî giringîtir lêkewtekanî wergêran le zimanî mebest da û ewer ke wergêran çi encamêkî hebuwe û buwete hokarî çi gorankarîyekî hizrî û komelayetî û ferhengî.

Yek le layene here giringekanî wergêran ew kartêkerîye berçaweye ke leser ferhengî zimanî mebest daydenêt. Mirov be ziman dewre dirawe û diwatir le dereweyî ziman da estehe bitwanêt agirdanî bîrî xoyî bigeşênêtewe. Le heman kat da zimanîş deweredrawî ew cîhaneye ke mirov têy da dejîn. Bemcore zimangelî ciyawaz û tayyetî xoyanin. Wergêran em diyarde giringeye ke dergayî ferhengekan beser yektir da awele dekatewe û wergêr le rastî da pirdî hanûxoyî nêwan ferhengekane. Be hoyî wergêranewe dunyayî ferhenge ciyawazekan aşnayî yektir debin. Destkewte coracorekanî ferhengêk le rêgayî wergêranewe rêyî dekewête naw ferhengêkîtir û debêt be beşêk le samanî ew. Wergêran le zimanêkî deselatdarî ferhengîyewe bo zimanêkî perawêzxiraw û xawen ferhengêkî goşegîr kirawewe detuwanî legell xoyî nek her zanist bellku towekanî pêkhênerî ferhenge zalekeş bigwêzêtewe. Bo eweyî ferhengî perawêzxiraw nekewête dawî ferhengî zalî derekî kedetuwanêt bibête hokarî sirîneweyî nasnameyekî azad û dêmêkirat, debî wergêran hawterîb û tetanet hawrê legell siyasetî ferhengî giştî û plankiraw, berzameyî bo dabindirêt. Debî le ser binemayî pêdawîstîyekanî geşeyî zimanî û edebî û hizrî û komellayetî û abûrî bo buwarî wergêran pilan dapirêjrêt. Le bîrman bêt ke radeyî matiryal û babetî zanistekan le dunya emro da ewende zûre ke tenya be lêwrdbûneweyekî mêtûdolojîyaneyî şiyaw û guncaw dekrêt be şêweyekî serkewtuwanî berew pîlî wedesthênanî çîman dewêt û xoman dewêt biçîn. Stranêjîyekî dirustî wergêran de çiwarçêweyî siyasetêkî ferhengî şiyaw û lebar da detuwanêt derfetî zêrîn bo geşekirdnî zimanî kurdî ke beser çeng zarawe û ortografî (şêweyî nûsîn) ciyawaz da dabeş buwe, wedî bênbêt. Ew wişe niwênaweyî le rêgeyî wergêranewe, çi be wergirtnî rastewxo û çi be darriştinî wişeyî tazewe dêne nêw zimanî kurdî, debin be samanî hebû zarawekan û astî wişe hewbeşekanî nêwan zarawekan ziyatir û ziyatir debêt. Le bîrman bêt ke zarawe kurdîyekan her wek komellgeyî kurdî pêdawîstî rojan be niwêbûne û geşeestandin heye û wergêran yek le rrêgakanî pêkandinî em amance ye.

Rolî wergêran le rrewtî mêjûy da û le ast komellegeyî cîhanî da çon buwe û çi kartêkerîyekî le gorînî rrêbaz û şêwekanî endêşeyî mirovekan da hebuwe? Eger wergêran nebuwaye çon dekra mirovekan be ziman û ferhengî ciyawazewe bibine xawenî gutarî hawbeş? Lem witare da min hewll didim awir le dû dewreyî zemenîyî giring le mêjûyî mirovayetî da bidemewe ke be hoyî wergêranewe sertapayî bûn û rramanyan tûşî allugorî rrîşeyî buwe. Wergêran lew dû dewreye da ewende girîng û kartêker buwe ke nasnawî ‘’bizûtnewe’’yî bexowe girtuwe û wek bizûtneweyî wergêran nasrawe. Bizûtneweyî yekem wergêran le zimanî yonanîyyewe bo zimanî erebî le nawerastekanî sedeyî heştemî zayînîyewe bo maweyî nizîkeyî dûsed e. Bizûtneweyî dûhemîş wergêran le zimanî erebîyewe bo zimanî latînî le sedeyî yazde û diwazdehem da. Teybetmendîyekanî herdû dewere û kartêkerîyanî le ser goranî rrewt û êpîstîmolojî serdemî xoyan lem witare da bas dekrên. Le ber rrûnakî û giringîyî em bizûtnewane, lem witare da hewll dedem basêk le ser halumercî wergêran le êstayî zimanî kurdî da bikem û bipirsim gelo le Kurdistan da wergêran tiwanîwêtî taybetmendîyekanî birûtneweyek be xoyewe bigrêt? Aya wergêran bo ser zimanî kurdî hellgirî nasnameyekî diyarîkraw û xawenî stratêjîyekî pênasekrawe? Aya bo pir kirdneweyî kalên û qujbine bêejmarekanî buware coracorekanî zanist, be hebûlik. Û popekanîyewe, ême tuwanyumane planêkî şiyawî wergêran bo welatekeman dapirrêjin?

Basêkî tirîş ke dekrêt lem pêwendîye da araste bikrêt rrexsandinî wergêranî berawejûye le zimanêkî perwêzxirawra bo zimane ziyatir nasrawekanî cîhan. Aya ême wek kurde hîç planêkman heye bo wergêranî beşîk le mîratî ferhengyî xoman bo ser zimanekanîtir bo eweyî be ewanîtir billêyin kêyin û çiman le baran da heye?

Xon û kê le dunyayî tewaw maddî em serdeme da ke hebû ştêk be pêwerî qazanc û berjewendîyî maddî heldesengêndirêt awr le edem û zimanî neteweyekî bêdewlet dedatewe û giringî be hebûn û ferhengekeyî dedat? Eger eme ew rrastîye haşahellnigir û talle bêt ke ême berewrûyî bûynetewe, boxoman çi plan û exşerêgayekyan heye bo nasandinî xoman be cîhanî derewe û beder le siyasetî rojane û baw da?

Serdemî xelafetî Ebbasiyekan yek le dewre jêrînekanî şaristanêtî Îslamîye le mêjûyî desellatî împiratorya û xelefetekanî Îslamî da. Yek lew buwaraneyî ke bû be hokarî keşeyî endêşe û zanist le serdemî basiyekan da wergêranî berheme yonanîyekan bû bo ser zimanî erebî. Wergêranî berhemgelî yonanî le nîweyî dûhemî sedeyî heştem heta sedeyî dehemî zayînî bo ser zimanî erebî ew çalakîye zimanî, edebî, felsefî û zanistîye berbillawe bû ke be bizûtneweyî wergêran nasrawe. Giringîyî û pantayî bizûtneweyî wergêran ewende sernicrrakêş buwe ke tenanet le faktayekî mêjûyîwe tê de perrêt û şêwazî efsane û usturî bexoyewe degrêt . Bepêyî dengoyek degêrrnewe ke şewêk Erestu (Arîsto) dête xewnî xelîfeyî Ebbasî, meimun, û pêydellêt ke lenêwan bawerrekanî ew, wata, Erestu, hizrî eqllanîyî yonanî û wehî û ayînî îslam da, hîç dijayetîyek le ara da nîye. Le jêr kartêkerî em xewne da rrojî duwatir meimun fermanî wergêranî hemû berhemkanî Erestu bo ser zimanî erebî dedat. Eme cige le efsaneyek hîçîtir nîye û hîç bellgeyekî bawerrpêkraw, cige le dengoyek bo bînînî ew xewne lelayen meimûnewe le ara da nîye. Bellam dengo û bawerrî lem çeşne û bûnî be efsane û usture, xoyî le xoy da bellgeyeke bo dewreyekî giring le jiyarî Îslamî û serdemî pirr le gorankarî Ebbasî da. Le rrastî da roj ber le meimun ewe mensur, xeleyfeyî dûhemî Ebbasîye, ke wîstî wergêranî berhemgelî yonanî dekat be kirdeyekî waqî’î û rresmî.

Kotayî xîlafetî Umewîyekan û hatine serkerî Ebbasîyekan le zayînî da seretayî gorankarîyekî rrîşeyî bû le jiyar û şaristanêtî Îslamî da. Hatine serkarî Ebbasîyekan le rastî da rrûxandinî bawerrî zallî fîkrî bestineweyî îslam her betenya be erebekanewe bû. Her le serdemî Ebbasîyekaneweyî ke îslam ziyatir le hemû demê têkellawî ferhenggelî ciyawaz debêt û pêwendîyî ayînewe tenya be yek ziman û ferhengewe kotayî pêdêt û degwazrêtewe bo têkellawîyekî berbillaw legell jiyar û ziman û tenanet ayînî tirîş. Sazkirdinî şarî Bexda le layen mensurî Ebbasîyewe le sallî 267î zayînî û guwasitneweyî pêtextî Îslamî le demeşqewe bo em şare niwêye. Her gorankarîyekî coxrafyayî nebû, bellku gor û tînêkî bêpêşîneşî da be rrewtêk ke asokanî jiyan û jiyarî xellkanî em coxrafyayeyî ziyatir le caran berfrawan kird. Mensur kitêbxaneyekî gewre le derbarî xoyî. Dirûst dekat û bizûtneweyî wergêran her lew serdemewe hêdî hêdî dest pê dekat. Em kitêbxaneye duwatir le serdemî xelafetî Harun El-Reşîd be xaneyî hîkmet (bît El-Hîkmet, Wisdom of House) nawbang derdekat. Hebûnî farsekan le Bexda û guwasitneweyî ferhengî kitêbxanekanî Sasanî le perepêdanî ew kitêbxanane da xawenî kartêkerî taybetî xoyî buwe. Kitêbxane gewrekeyî mensur û duwatir pereestandin û geşeyî çalakîye hunerî û zanistî û felsefîyekan bû bew bizûtnewe gewreye ke kartêkerîyekanî le duwayî çend sedeyek sercem cîhanî girtewe. Layenî serekîyî em deskewte mezne leser şanî wergêran bû û her boyeşe eweyî le nawerrastekanî sedeyî heştem ta nizîkeyî dû sede be serkewtûyî dirêjeyî hebû be “bizûtneweyî wergêran” nasrawe û bizûtneweyeke ke şaristanêtî û cîhanî zanistî û hizrîyî yonanî le rrîgayî zimanewe dênîte naw beşîkîtirî dunyawe û debête zemîne bo afrandinî corêkîtir le hizrîn û têfkirîn û nûsîn. Rravekirdinî halumercî serhelldan û geşkirdinî em bizûtnewe gişitgîr û çalake mêjûyye, hellgirî jor dersî me’rîfî û însanîye ke le dereweyî mêjû da heta rrojgarî emrroş dirêj buwetewe û mayeyî lêfêrbûne.

Pirs ewe ye ke debê le dereweyî efsaneyî xewnbînînî meimun be Erestuwewe çi hokar gelêkî diyarîkraw bo wergêranî berhemgelî yonanî bo ser zimanî erebî le ara da bûbin û mensur û xalîfekanîtirî Ebbasî bo çî hewllîyî bêwêneyî awa deden? Geşeyî jiyarî Îslamî û peregirtinî qellemirrewî desellatî Ebbasiyekan û pelkêşanî berbillawyan bo dereweyî cîhanî erebî, bîrî kellikwergirtin le zaniste giringekanî wek pijîşkî û matmatîk û siyaset û felsefe û hitid. Lelayen Ebbasîyekanewe kirdbuwe pêdiwîstîyek. Wîstî destirrageyşitin be berheme yonanîyekan be şêweyek le şêwekan le ber bekellikbûnyan bo wellamdaneweyî pêdawîstîye herdem lezyadbuwekanî împiratoryayî tazenefesî Ebbasî, berdewam rrû le hellkişan bû.[2] Wergêranî kare pijişkîyekanî pijîşkî gewreyî yonanî, geylan, lelayen hunan Îbnî Îshaqewe Îşan dedat ke Ebbasîyekan çende bayexyan be zanistî serdemî xoyan deda. Le heman kat da wêdeçêt şkoyî xelîfekan û jiyanî pirr le xoşî û dewlemendyan handerêkî baş bûbêt bo gerran be şwên dûzîneweyî çareserîye pijişkîyekan lew dîw senûrî zimanî û ayînî xoyan da. Emeş tenya le rrêgayî wergêranewe deytuwanî wedî bêt û xelîfekanî Ebbasî le deskewte zanistîyekanî yonan behremend bikat. Bo em mebesteş xelîfekanî Ebbasî kellikyan le hemû pêşxanî ferhengî û ayînî xoyan werdegrit. Bo nimûne ewan berdewam amajeyan be rêz û cêyî şyawî lêkolînewe û zanist le bawerî Îslamî da dekird û bo em mebesteş destewdamanî gêraneweyî hedîs û bawerrekanî pêxemberî Îslamî debûn û le nêw hedîsekanîş da gêraneweyî “cewherî qelemî lêkolerewe le xuwênî şehîd pîroztire” zor baw bû.[3] Aşikraye katêk pêdawîstîye komellayetî û siyasî û ferhengîyekan legell bawerî ayînîş têkellaw debin, rrewtî welamdanewe bem pêdawîstîyane xêratir û qûlltir û berfirawantir debêt boye wergêranî zanistî xoraxorekan wek erkêkî henûkeyî debîndira û kirdeyî wergêran rrehendêkî siyasîşî bexoyewe degirt. Dirawsêbûnî Ebbasîyan legell împiratoryan Rromî rojhellatî, Bîzansîş detuwanêt hokarêk bêt bo wegerrxistinî rrewtî wergêran le yonanîyewe bo zimanî erebî. Ebbasîyekan bemcore zor be xirurewe deyantuwanî rrû le Rromîyekan biken û pêyan billên diruste êwe mesîhîn û ême musullman, bellam ême felsefeyî yonanî le êwe baştir dezanîn û ewe êmeyin ke em felsefeye werdegêrrînewe ser zimanî xoman. Emeş le rrastî da xorêk le balledestîyî ferhengîyî deda be Ebbasîyekan û le pêşxistinî amance ferhengîyekanî xoyan da destawelletirî dekirdin. Hallkewtî coxrafyayî Bexda û bûnî be nawendêkî tîcarî handerêkîtir bû bo hatinî xellkanî ciyawaz be pêşîne û çalakî ciyawazewe. Her lew serdemeşdaye ke erebekan kellik le pîşesazî kaxer werdegirin ke le başûrî Asya da serî hell da bû. Emeş debête hokarî birrewî ziyatirî buwarî nûsîn û billawkirdineweyî kitêb. Bemcore pîşesazî kitêb ziyatir le hemîşe pere degrêt û dananî kitêbxaneyî gewre debêt be beşêk le rrazandineweyî koşke be şekokanî xelîfekanî Abbasî. Kaxez û kitêb û kitêbxane bêguman bazarrî wergêran germtir deken.

Têkellawî ferhengî împiratoryayî Ebbasî, aso û deretanî wergêranî berfirawantir û pirrengtir dekird. Willatî panuberînî Êran ke xelkanî coracorî tê da dejiyan û nerîtêkî konî rrêkxistinî berrêwerdinyan hebû, yarmetîyekî gewre bû bo dewllemendtirkirdinî mîratî ferhengî û zanistî împiratoryan Ebbasî û pêşxistinyan le weîhênanî abancekanyan da. Serkewtinî Ebbasîyekan le rrakêşanî zanayanî Êranî bo Bexda, debêt be serçaweyekî dewllemend bo dabînkirdinî kadêrî tuwana le buware ciyawazekanî jiyanî siyasî û zanistî da.

Ew kesaneyî karî wergêranyan dekird her Ereb nebûn û zor caran her musulmanîş nebûn. Bo nimûne ew xellkaneyî le dewrî zanayekî gewreyî wek elkendî ko bibûnewe û zimanî Yonanîyan be paşî dezanî, yek le mekîne serekîyekanî wergêran bûn. Zanayanî dewruberî ew be zorî ew kesane bûn ke be siryanî denasran û zimanî yonanîyan paş dezanî û musulmanîş nebûn. Diyar nîye ke elkendî boxoyî zimanî yonanî zanîbêt. Bellam ew seperiştî wergêrekanî be zimanî erebî degird û zor car perawêzîşî bo kare wergêrdirawekan denûsî. Tuwanayyekanî elkendî le felsefe û matmatîk û zanist da legell berheme wergêrdirawekanî le zimanî yonanîwe bêpêwendî nîye.

Geşeyî wergêran berhemgalî yonanî be rradeyek bû ke hêndêkcar le nebûnî kesanêk ke tuwanayî wergêranî rrastewxoyan le yonanîyewe bo erebî hebêt penayan bo ew kesane debrit ke narrastewxo em erke becê bênin. Yek lew zimananeyî ke bo em amance zor dekar dehat zimanî sîryak bû. Le rastî da sîryak (suryanî) wek zimanêkî sêmîtîk pirdêk bû ke bo wergêran le yonanî bo erebîyewe gellkî lê werdegîra. Axêweranî sîryakî le ber hokarî ayînî, zimanî yonanîyan dezanî û le nêw daniştuwanî împiratoryayî Ebbasîş da zor bûn ewaneyî erebî û sîryakîyan dezanî. Her boye hêndêk le deqe yonanîyekan le pêş da dekrane sîryakî û duwatir le sîryakîyewe deguwazranewe ser zimanî erebî.

Damezrandinî şarî Bexda lelayen mensurewe debête seretayî werçerxanêkî gewre le mêjûyî cîhanî Îslamî da. Bexda wek şarêkî nûyî û be pît û bereket û xawen daynamoyekî behêj, le goşe û kenarî cîhanewe xelkî berew xoyî radekêşa. Kiraweyî şar û desellat bo xelkanî ciyawaz ke wîstî kar û xewnî dewlemend bûn hênabûnî bo em beşeyî cîhan, kertêkerîyekî zorî hebû le ser dewllemendî ferhengî û manabexşîn be ciyawazîye ferhengîyekan. Em têkelawîye ferhengîye berbillawe be kirdewe kewte xizmet dewlemendkirdinî ferhengêkî hawbeş be zimanî erebî. Le rastî da zimanî erebî wek zimanekî lînguwafranka bû be allqeyî lêkgirêdan û beyektir bîstneweyî xellkanî ciyawaz le îwe bigire heta Yonan û Hînd û Çîn û Êran be pêşîneyî zimanî û ferhengî ciyawazewe. Em binema dewllemende zimanî û ferhengîye bû ke le rrewtî bizûtneweyekî behêzî rruşinbîrî datuwanî kesanî nawdarî wek Îbnî Sîna, Farabî, Rrazî, Xarezmî, Nesîrî û Tusî û Hitid. Le astî cîhan da, nek bo rabirdûyekî dûr bellku bo serdemî êstaş, binasênêt. Rrollî wergêran le yonanîwe bo erebî faktorî biryarderî afrandinî em kesayetîye zanistî û ferhengîyane bû. Mirov natuwanê bîr bikatewe bebê nasînî erestu çon kitapxaneyî felsefeyî Bexda wedîdehat çon kesanî wek Îbnî Sîna, Îbnî Rrojid, Xezalî, Farabî û Elkendî ew hemû perawêz û şîkridnewaneyan le ser Erestu denûsî. Deyantuwanî bêne naw cîhanî endêşewe û be zanistî xoyan le têgeyiştnî Rremiz û Rrazî bûn û hestî, yarmetîderî mirovayetî bin. Kêş û hêzî ragêşanî em ferhenge ewende zor bû ke farisekan û xellkanî tirî danîştûyî coxrafyan Êran be hemû hêzî hizrî û kirdeweyî xoyan le geşepêdanî împiratoryan Ebbasî da beşdarî çalakaneyan hebû. Le nêw lîstî zanayanî serdemî împiratorî faris ke îtir be zimanî erebî deyannusî cê û şwênêkî berzyan heye. Yek le hokarekanî geşî wergêran le serdemî Ebbasîyekan da detuwanêt wîstî komellgeyî Îslamî bûbêt bo perepêdanî ferhengî xoyî.

Împiratorîya yekî serkewtu tenya be perestendin le buwarî coxrafya û ferhengewe deytuwanî berdewamî û maweyî xoyî desteber bikat. Hokarêkîtir bo geşeyî wergêran detuwanêt layenî ferhengî komelleyetî komelgeyî erebî bûbêt. Nerîtî bas le meclîs dîwaxan û giringî axaftin be şêweyekî belîx û rrewanbêjane le ferhengî erebî da detuwanêt ew hokare bûbêt ke le nêw berheme wergêrdirawekan da her le seretawe karekanî Erestu (Arîsto) lebarî hunerî axaftin da şwênêkî taybetîyan hebûbêt.

Hokarêkî serekîtir bo geşeestandinî wergêran birîtî bû le şuwênî berzî wergêr le hîrarşî komellayetî da. Le rastî da pilewpayeyî wergêrekan le buwarî komellayetî û zanistî da çî kemtir nebû le zanayan û desellatdaranî komellga. Be watayekîtir wergêrekan hem le buwarî rroşinbîrî û hemîş le buwarî mallîyewe le tuwêje here serekî û payeberzekanî komellga dejmêrdiran. Nêwî wergêrekan hemîşe le rrîzî nêwî gewre pîyewanî komellge da dadendira. Rrêzlênanî wergerekan her le layenî mei’newîyewe nebû. Bellku êwan le buwarî malîyişewe xelkanî destroyiştu û zengîn bûn. Mûçeyî wergêrekan le rrîzî here sereweyî mûçekanî serdemî Ebbasîyekan le nîweyî duhemî sedeyî heştem ta kotayekanî sedeyî deyemewe bû. Mûçeyek ke wergêrêkî baş werdigirt be pareyî koteyyekanî sedeyî bîstem birîtî bû le nizîkeyî bîsthezar dolar le mange da. Wergêranî kitêbêk nizîkî pênc sed dînarî zêrî tê de çû. Ême bêguman nirxêkî yekcar berz û xiyalîye. Bellam projeyekî xeyalî debê xercî xiyallîşî bo bikerdrêt. Wergêranî berheme zanistî û felsefîyekanî yonanî bo zimanî erebî be şêweyekî zor qûll şêweyî rruwanîn û têfkirînî cîhanî Îslamî gorî. Zanayanî Îslamîtir deyantuwanî be yarmetî zanist gelêk ke rrîşeyan le ferhengêkîtirdaye deqe ferhengî û ayînîyekanî xoyan rrave biken û bo bawerrekanî xoyan bellgandinî felsefîyanî yonanî dekar bênin û nêwî feylesufanî yonanî û bawerrekanyan biken be beşêk le cîhanî endêşeyî xoyan. Em endêşane lew katewe heta êsta berdewam le goran û geşe da bûne û guzerî zemen eytuwanîwe le pêge û nirxyan kem bikatewe.

Dagîrkirdinî Bexda lelayen mexolekanewe le salî 1258î zayînî da tuwanî kotayî be desllatî împiratoryayî ebbasî, duwayî pênc sede le hukmirranî, bênêt. Zor şuwênewarî Bexda le akamî hêrşî mexwalekan da wêran bû û xelkanêkî zor bûn be qurbanî û wek dellên dîcale û furat be xuwênî zanayan sûr hellgerran. Bellam kotayî desellatî Ebbasîyekan û kuştinî duwa xelîfeyî ebbasî, mustei’mîm, be manayî kotayî kartêkerî bizûtneweyî gewreyî wergêran le sedemî Ebbasîyekan danebû. Em bizûtneweye îtir morî xoyî le ser ferhengî em beşeyî cîhan dabû. Kartêkerî em ferhengî le êstaş da zor be zeqî diyare.

Le beşî dahatu da rrewtî berawejûyî em bizûtneweye bas dekem û tîşk dexeme ser wergêranî berheme erebîyekan bo ser zimanî latînî û bem şêweye xoşkirdinî rrêga bo girêdaneweyî ferhengî yonanî qedîm be serdemî sedeyî yazdeyî zayînî le Urupa da.

Le nîweyî duhemî sedeyî heştemewe heta kotayyekanî sedeyî dehem wergêran le zimanî yonanîyewe bo zimanî erebî berdî bibaxeyî ew gorankarîye ferhengî û zanistinasyane bû ke be bizûtneweyî wergêran nawbangî derkird. Nawendî serekî em bizûtneweye şarî Bexdayî pêtextî xelafetî Ebbasî bû. Le seretakanî sedeyî duwazdehemewe le halumercêkîtir û le beşêkî tirî dunya da bizûtneweyekî tirî wergêran dest pêdekat ke kertêkerîyekî bêemawewla û berbillawî hebuwe le guwantineweyî ferhengekan lewdîw sinûrekanî ayîn û coxrafyawe bo henawî yektir. Em bizûtneweyî wergêrane le zimanî yonanî û erebîyewe bo zimanî latîn wek zimanî zanistî Urupa û ayînî mesîhîyet, rrêge xoşkerî keşeyî hizrî felsefî û bîrî locîkîyane bû le sedekanî nawerast da ke duwatir xoyî le bizûtneweyî rênêsans da debînêtewe. Nawendî serekî em bizûtneweye be pileyî yekem sîsîlî bû. Le rastî da coxrafya û şuwênî em bizûtneweye cêgeyî têrramane û hellgirî taybetmendîyekanî komellnasîyaneyî ziman û pêwendî zimanekane lew şuwêneyî sinûrekan degene yektir û axêweranî zimangelî ciyawaz be yekewe dejîn. Em sinûrane detuwanin seruştî û coxrafyayî yaxud êtnîkî û ayînî bin. Deselatî siyasî û serbazî hêndêk car le dereweyî wêkçûyye zimanîkan, tenya le ber hokarî siyasî û qellemirrewî desellatî xudî û xeyrî xudî, hêlle sinûrîyekan le nêwan tetanet. Axêweranî zimanêk û bawermendanî ayînêkîş da, dekêşêt. Le serdemî împiratorîyekan da ewe tenya kêberkê desellatî împiratorkan bû ke sinûrî herdem le gorankarî nêwan nawçe ciyawazekan bî, diyarî dekird. Her boye em sinûrane berdewam le gorankarî da bûn û paş û pêşyan pêydekira!

Bizzûtneweyî berbillawî wergêran le zimanî erebîyewe bo zimanî latîn le sedeyî duwazdehem û çend sedeyek duwatir le nawçe sinûrîyekanî nêwan ayînî mesîhî û Îslamî da pere degrêt. Em nawçe senûrîyane em şwêne lebaren ke têyan da kesanêkî zor her dû zimanî erebî û latînî dezanin. Le rewtî geşeyî wergêran û pereestandinî pêdawîstîyekanî em bizûtneweye da, hêndêk le zanayanî latînîaxêwer xoyan fêrî zimanî erebî deket. Yek le wergêrre here nasrawekanî em bizûtneweye ke rrollêkî pêşengîyanî lem bizûtneweye da gêrawe jîrardî kirêmonaye.[4] Jîrardî kirêmona be rreçellek xellkî Îtalya buwe û duwatir be şuwên zanist û fêrbûn da deçête Tolêdo û be bînînî dewlemendî nûsîn be zimanî erebî le hebû buwarekanî zanist da, lewê demênêtewe û wek wergêrêkî tewaw wext jiyanî xoyî terxanî wergêran le erebîyewe bo latînî dekat. Jîrard le Tolêdo jimareykî zor kitêbî erebî le buware ciyawazekan da ko dekatewe û be pantayî û berbillawî kitêbe zanistîyekan be zimanî erebî sersam debêt. Ew bo wergêranî ew kitêbane bo ser zimanî latînî xoyî fêrî erebî dekat û her boxoşî hefta kitêb be latînî werdegêrrêt. Bo nimûne berhemekanî El Xarezmî lew karanen ke jîrard weryan degêrête ser latînî û çemkî algorîtim le matmatîk da degerêtewe ser nawî ew zana rrojhelatîye û le ber eweyî derîrrînî nawekeyî be latînî zehmet buwe, le zimanî latînî da buwete algorîtmî û çemke matmatîkîyekeş le nawe latîndirawekeyî El Xarezmî wergîrawe. Berhemekanî El Kîndîş ke zor karêk boxoyî û xelkanî dewruberî pêşengî wergêran le yonanîyewe bo ser zimanî erebî bûn, êsta be hoyî jîrard û xuwêndkarekanîyewe dekrane latînî.

Zorbeyî wergêrekanî le zimanî erebîyewe bo zimanî latînî le sedeyî duwazdehem da le bakûrî wellatî berrêwe deçûn. Hellbet duwatir le Orşelîm be taybet le seretakanî sedeyî duwazdehemewe û her wiha le beşêk le mellbendekanî împiratoryan Romî Rojhellatî (Bîzans) rrewtî wergêran berdewam debêt. Bellam ewe Tolêdoye ke le 1085 da dekewête dest mesîhîyekan û her zor zû rrollî pêşengî û berdewamî le wergêran da baştir le hemû şwênêkîtir degêrêt.

Le rastî da koteyyekanî sedeyî yazdehem serdemî paşekşeyî împiratoryayî Îslamîye le beramber hîze mesîhîyekan da. Dest be ser dagirtinî beşêk le împiratoryayî Îslamî hokarêk bû bo şarezayî zîyatirî mesîhîyekanî rrojawa legell pêşkewtine zanistî û hizrîyekanî cîhanî îslam. Le mellbendgelî wek Tolêdo û Gordoba ke çend sedeyek le jêr fermanî împiratoryayî Îslamî da jiyabûn, ferhengî erebî-Îslamî be tewawî cêgîr bibû û xellkanêkî zor zimanî erebî û latînîyan dezanî. Le heman kat da împiratoryayî Îslamî buwarî jiyanî komellge mesîhî û yehudîyekanî wek xellkanî “Ehlî Kitêb” be giştî parastibû û ew komellgayane sererrayî jiyan le çuwarçêweyî împiratoryayî Îslamî da ziman û ferhengî xoyan parast bû. Bem xore debête mekoyî serekî wergêran le erebîyewe bo latînî. Her le Tolîdoye ke hêndêk le beşekanî berheme benawbangekeyî Îbnî Sîna wata kitêbî şefa werdegêrdirête ser zimanî latînî. Xalêkî sernicrrakêş eweye ke yarmetîderî wergêre mesîhîyekeyî ew berheme, Domînîkos Gundîsalînos, zanayekî benawbang yehûdî buwe be nêwî awêndaws.[5]

Le ber hokarî coxrafyayî û mêjûyî, nawçe sinûrîyekanî têkellawî zimanî û ferhengî, bo nimûne, û beşgelêk le Îtalya baştirîn û şyawtirîn şuwên bûn bo wergêran le erebîyewe bo latînî. Le rastî da Tolêdo, Sîsîlî û Kordoba, wek nawendgelî serekî têkellawî zimanî debine mekoyî wergêran le erebîyewe bo zimanî latînî. Sîsîlî le 1091 da degewête dest mesîhîyekan û duwatir em komellgeye be kirdewe debête komellgeyekî çend zimane û danîştuwanî be zanînî zimangelî erebî, yonanî û latînî, debin be yarmetîderêkî gewreyî bizûtneweyî wergêran bo ser zimanî latînî. Çalakî wergêran le nawendgelî ciyawazî Urupayî da û dûstbûnî kor û komellî lêkollînewe û nûsîn û barhênan, debin be berdî binaxeyî ew damezrawe dewransaz û bi gorane ke her le sedekanî duwazdehem û sêzdehemewe sazdekrêt û be zanko ( university) nêwbang derdeken.

Wergêranî berheme yonanîyekan le serdemî xoy da bo ser zimanî erebî buwe hoyî pereestandinî felsefe û locîk û zanistî yonanî le cîhanî Îslamî da û zor zanayî musullman le jêr kertêkerî em wergêranane da destyan be nûsîn lem buwarane da kird û şuwênçenceyan le mêjûyî zanist û felsefe da hêştewe. Em berhemane ke duwatir werdegêrdrênewe ser zimanî latînî, kartêkerîyekî berçawyan debêt le serhelldanî nuwêyî zanist û felsefe le Urupa da û duwatir rrizgarbûn le jêr desellatî totalîtarîyaneyî kilîsa û teftîşî bîrura.

Yek le hokarekanî keşeyî wergêran le erebîyewe bo latînî têgeyîştinî ew rrastîyî bû ke zanayan û lîkolerewanî latînî axêwer be dirûstî têgeyştibûn ke jiyarî ewan be berawird legell jiyarî cîhanî Îslamî da zor le buwarî zanist û felsefe da weduwa kewt bû. Wergêran û fêrbûnî deskewtekanî buwarî zanist û felsefe em duwakewtûyyeyî çareser dekird. Tenya çend sedeyek duwatir katêk bizûtneweyî rrênêsans hemû Urupayî tenîyewe û zanist û felsefe bûn be kollekeyî em gorangarîye mezne hizrî û binerretîye le cîhanbînî, zanistnasî û nasînnasî da, dirustî têgeyiştin û kirdewe lêkolerewanî latînîaxêw ziyatir le hemû katêk derkewt. Le heman kat da pêwîstî ferheng û jiyare ciyawazekanîş be yektir û kartêkerîyan le ser yektir be hoyî wergêranewe, bo çendemîn car wek rastîyekî haşahellnegir selmêndira. Rrêxoşkerî serekî gerranewe bo jiyar û şaristanêtî yonanî kon le rrêyî wergêranî berheme yonanîyekan bû bo ser zimanî latînî. Lew nêwe da, hêndêk lem berheme yonanîyane ke çend sedeyek pêştir wergêrdrabûne ser zimanî erebî, bo carêkîtir le erebîyewe wergêrdranewe ser zimanî latînî.

Wergêranî berheme yonanîyekan bo ser zimanî erebî le sedeyî heştemewe heta sedeyî yazdehem rrêgexoşkerî têkellawî û goranî ferhengî bû le coxrafyayek da ke le jêr kontrolî împiratoryayî Îslamî da bû. Duwatir em derencame ferhengîye dîsanewe le rrêgayî wergêranewe deguwastirêtewe beşêkîtir le dunya ke be cîhanî mesîhîyet denasra.[6] Lem gorankarîye binerretîye ferhengîyane da rrollî ziman û wergêran rrollîkî haşahellnegire. Eger çî zimangelî yonanî, erebî û latînî zimangelî serekî em gorankarîyane bûn. Bellam rrollî zimangelî nawbijîwanî wek siryak û hêndêkcar farisî lem êwe da nabê feramoş bikrêt. xalêkîtir ke debê amajeyî çê bikrêt hawkarî û hawjiyanî xellkanî û ayîngele ciyawaze le rewtî afrandin û danustanî em ferhengane da.

Le beşî dahatu ke debêt duwayîn beşî em witare, hewl dedeme le jêr rrûnakî ew dû ezmûne mezneyî wergêran le mêjûyî mirovayetî da, basî pêdawîstî hebûnî stratêjîyekî wergêran le Kurdistan da bikem.

Yek le hokare serekîyekanî gorînî sertepayî têfkirînî hizrî û cîhanbînî ferhengî cîhanî Îslamî le sedekanî nohem û dehem da diyardeyî berbillawî wergêranî endîşeyî yonanî bû bo ser zimanî erebî xalîfekanî Ebbasî le Bexda paytextî em xelafete rrolêkî berçawîyan hebû le perepêdan û geşeyî bizûtneweyî wergêranî ew serdeme. Be heman şêwe wergêran le zimanî erebî û yonanîyewe bo ser zimanî latînî le sedekanî yazdehem û duwazdehem da kertêkerîyekî meznî hebû le ser guwastineweyî bîrî klasîkî yonanî bo willatanî Urupayî û rêgexoşker bû bo destêkirdinî şêlgîraneyî rewtî rrênêsans lem parzemîne û duwatir le hebû cîhan da. Lem bizûtnewe berbillawe ferhengîyane da wergêran ew diyarde sêhrawîye bû ke hokarî aşnabûnî xelkanî ciyawazî be destkewte hizrî û ezmûnîyekanî mirovekan le perzemîne ciyawazekan da misoger dekerd. Le serdemî modernîş da wergêran heman dewrî dewran sazî gêrawe û be pergirtinî bestênî zanist û têknolocya rroj le rroj ziyatir em dewre degêrê.

Rrewtî modêrnîzasîyon le dû Împiratorî gewre Usmanî û Qacar da beder nebû le dekarhênanî wergêran wek amrazî guwasitneweyî ferheng û zanistî rrojawayî bo naw dillî cîhanî rrojhellatîyewe. Sedeyî nozdehem le willatanî Êran û Turkiyayî emrro da, hawterîb û şanbeşan legell gorankarîye komelleyetî û siyasîyekan da, şahîdî şepolî wergêranî deqe zanistîyekanî rrojawayî bû bo ser zimangelî turkî û farisî. Le qellemrrewî mêjûyî Împiratoryayî Usmanî da û lew mellbendaneyî zimanî erebî zimanî serekî daniştuwan bû, wergêran bo ser zimanî erebîş hêdî hêdî debû be diyardeyekî berçawî serdemî modêrn. Le rrastî da eger wergêran û hawirdekirdinî mamostayî biyanî nebuwaye enstîto hawçerxekanî Îstambol û Taran hergîz neyandetuwanî em rroll û kartêkerîyeyî le ser rrewtî modernînasyonî em dû împiratoriye gewreyeyan hebû, becê bênin. Bellam modernîzasyonî em dû împiratorîye beder nebû le kartêkerî şerrî pelhawîşitnî împiryalîstî bo naw dillî em beşe le cîhan ke rojîneyî danîştuwanî musulman bûn. Yek le layenekanî pêşengî şerr û hêrişhênan bo ser împiratoryan Usmanî û Qacar Împiratoryan Rusya bû le seretakanî sedeyî nozdehem da. Her dû Împiratoryayî Êranî û Usmanî beşêkî zorî xakî xoyan be Rrûsekan dorand. Xalîfe manduwekanî Usmanî û şatembellekanî Êranî lewdîwî şkiste yek le duwayî yekekanyan, çareyî rrizgar bûn lew doxeyan de modêrnkirdinî willatekanyan da dederojîyewe. Be hellkewt nîye rrewtî modernîzasyonî em dû împiratorîyeş be pileyî yekem be gorangarî le hêjî nîzamî da dest pê dekat. Emeş boxoyî babetêkî giringî lêkolîneyewe ke rrewtî modêrnîzasyonî em dû împiratorîye çon destî pêkird û çon geşeyî estand û çon bû be hokarêk bo pêşgîrîkirdin le wedîhênanî azadî û mafî dêmokratîkî daniştuwanî ew willatane, be taybet xellkanî xeyrî ereb, faris û turk.[7]

Halumercî ferhengî rrojawa le sedeyî nozdehem da be şêweyek bû ke zimanî serekî endêşe û bîrî nuyî zimanî feransî bû. Her boyeşeserçaweyî wergêran bo zimangellî turkî, erebî û farisî le sedeyî nozdehem da be pileyî yekem zimanî feransîye. Em rewtî, wata deselatî pêşengîyaneyî zimanî feransî, te kotayyekanî nîweyî yekemî sedeyî bîstem berdewam bû. Şerrî Dûhemî Cîhanî û hatinî willate yekgirtuwekanî Amrîka wek hêzêkî gewreyî nuyê bo naw hawkêşe siyasî û nîzamîyekan, kotayî be desellatî ferhengî zimanî feransî hêna û emcareyan wergêran le zimanî îngilîsîyewe bû be serçaweyî serekî guwasitneweyî bîr û zanistî rrojawa bo rrojhellat.

Le ber hokargelî siyasî û komellayetî, rrewtî perwerde û herwiha wergêran be zimanî kurdî le sedeyî nozdehem û bîstem da yan her le ara da nebû, yan zor be kemî û lawazî û bê bername bû. Gorankarîyekanî duwayîn deyeyî sedeyî bîstem û seretakanî sedeyî bîstuyekem helêkî nuyî û le barî bo zimanî kurdî û komellgeyî Kurdistan le buwarî wergêran da rrexsand.[8] Goranî rradîkallî halumercî rrojhellatî nawîn duwayî Şerrî Dûhemî kendaw û wedîhatnî desellatî kurdî le başûrî Kurdistan helêkî zêrînî bo geşeyî zimanî û herwiha wergêran bo ser zimanî kurdî rrexsand. Eger çî li ber nebûnî planêkî bîrlêkrawe û darrêjran, wergêran heta êsta neytuwanîwe çi le barî çendayetî û çi le barî çonayetîyewe le astêkî dillxuwaz da bêt, bellam mirov natuwanê le hebûnî hezaran kitêb û witar be zimanî kurdî ke le zimanî ciyawazekanî nawçe û dunyawe wergêrdirawnetewe ser zimanî kurdî, keyfxoş nebêt.

Perepêdanî ferhengî nuyê û zanistî le Kurdistan û le gotarî kurdî da yek le pêdawîstîye serekîyekanî qonaxî êstayî geşeyî komellgeyî kurdîye. Le sallanî rrabirdû da astî çap û billawkirdineweyî berhemî zanist û edebî le Kurdistan da be giştî û le başûrî Kurdistan da be taybetî, berdewam le pereestandin da buwe û be hezaran kitêb le janir û buware ciyawazekanî zanistî û edebî da billaw bûneweye. Bellam bedaxewe hawterîb legell berzbûneweyî astî çendayetî çap billakirdnewe da, endêşeyî rextî û pêwere tiyorî û hizrîyekanî zanistî, geşeyî pêwîstyan nekirduwe. Bo em mebeste karkirdin le ser binema serdemîyekanî zanistî mirovîyekan û tiyorîgelî nuyî erkêkî zor pêwîstî. Perepêdanî buwarî hizrî zanistî û rexteyî be piştbistin be nuwêtrîn şêwazekanî hizrî û rexteyî nek her pêdawîstîyeke bo geşepêdanî jîraneyî komellgeyî kurdî, bellku rastewxo kartêkerîyekî berçawî debêt le ser berzkirdineweyî astî têgeyiştinî û tenanet siyasî em komellgeye. Bo em mebeste mirovî kurd debê agadarî gorankarî û geşeyî berdewamî tiyorî û zanist le astî cîhanî da bê. Yek lew rrêgayaneyî detuwanêt yermetîderî komellgeyî kurdî bêt bo agadar bûn le gorankarîyekanî dunya berbillaw û pêçellpêçî em serdemî, bekarhênanî bekirdeweyî destkewtekanî em serdemeye, rrêgayekî girîng bo em agadarîye birîtîye le wergêranî rrastewxoyî berhemgelî ciyawazî zanistî û hizrî û edebî bo ser zimanî kurdî.

Giringî wergêran û pêdawîstî dunya hizr û endêşeyî kurdî be hemû destkewte zanistî û ferhengîyekanî cîhanî emrrowe, hebûnî stratêjîyekî wird û rrûnî siyasetî ferhengî û wergêran, le ser damudezgakanî komellgeyî kurdî ferrz dekat. Karkirdî dewransazî wergêran le astî mêjûyî da û be taybetî guwasitneweyî ferheng û zanist lenêwan beşe ciyawazekanî dunya da, em rrastîyeman bo desilmênêt ke bo desteberkirdinî pêşkewtinî komellayetî û fikrî debêt awrrêkî cîddî le projeyî wergêran bideynewe. Wirdbûnewe le kartêkerî wergêran le sedeyî heştem ta sedeyî deyem û wergêran le yonanîyewe bo erebî û sedeyî deyem tasedeyî sêzdehem û wergêran le erebî û yonanîyewe bo latînî, selmênerî dewransazî û ferhengsazî diyardeyî wergêrane. Wanewergirtin le em dû dewre mêjûyye rrêgexoşker debêt bo baskirdinî siyasetî ferhengî kurdî le merr wergêran wek pêdawîstîyekî binerretî bo guwasitneweyî zanist û endêşeyî nuyê bo Kurdistan be şêweyekî plankiraw û bîrlêkirawe.

Rrewtî modernîzasyonî komellgeyî kurdî û rrengdaneweyî gorankarîyekanî Împiratoryayî Usmanî û Qaçar le Kurdistan, beder nîye le şêwazî gorankarîye zimanîyekan em dû împiratorîye. Eger be şêweyekî giştî ziman le serdemî Împiratorîyekanî

Usmanî û Qacar da le dereweyî faktore serekîyekanî nasnameyî da bû, be hatine kayeyî aydolojîye nasyonalîstîyekanî turkî û erebî û êranî, ziman berebere bû be faktorî serekî ciyakirdineweyî danîştuwanî em împiratorîyane le yektir. Rrengdaneweyî em diyardeye le nêw kurdekan da le kotayyekanî sedeyî nozdehem da xoyî nîşan dedat katêk yekemîn rrojnameyî kurdî Kurdistan le Qahîre billaw debêtewe. Nûsînî be kurdî û le şêweyî rrojname da wellamî serdemîyaneyî nasyonalîzmî kurde be destpêkî serdêmêkî nuyê le cîhanî împiratorîyetewe bo cîhanî dewllet-netewekan. Hewle seretayyekanî nasyonalîste kurdekan le Îstanbul le seretakanî sedeyî bîstehem da û billawkirdneweyî çendîn govar û rojname be zimanî kurdî morkekanî serekî geşeyî nasyonalîzmî kurdîyin lew serdeme da. Lêre da pirsyan emeye eger damudezgagelî dewlletî le willatanî paşmaweyî Împiratoryayî Usmanî û Qacar da tuwanîyan erkî modernîzasyonî willatekanyan, her çend be xuwar û xêcî, becê bênin, û lew nêwe da nêwe da projeyî wergêranîş bixene xizmet em rrewtî, le nebûnî binemakanî dewlletî neteweyî kurdî da, çi organgelêkn detuwanî em erkane le Kurdistan rraperrênin?

Be le ber çaw girtinî halumercî êsta Kurdistan û dabeşbûne siyasî û ferhengîyekanîyewe, her hewllêk bo sazkirdinî nîştimanêkî hewbeş û ferhengêkî berzî dîmokratîk û nasnameyekî neteweyî tokme, natuwanêt ledereweyî destkewte serdemîyekanî dunya emrro, serkewtû bêt. Be watayekîtir bo goşdanî kurdekan, wek neteweyekî bêdewllet, be berheme zanistîyekanî dunya emrro, bizûtneweyekî berbillawî wergêran pêdawîstîyekî berçaw. Bizûtneweyekî berbillaw û baş rrêberîkrawî wergêran detuwanêt be guwastineweyî beşî zorî destkewte cîhanîyekan le buwarî zanist û huner û edeb da, duwakewtûyî willatî kurdan le zor barewe qerebû bikatewe. Aşikiraye ke le dunyayî yikangîr û têkhellkêşrawî emro da hîç neteweyek natuwanêt be tenya dereqetî hemû buwarekanî zanist û huner û edeb bêt û pêwendî berdewam lezyadbûnî netewe û zimanekan, buwarî hawkarî û guwasitneweyî ferhengekan bo naw yektir, rroj ziyadtir dekat. Eger le ser derûstbûnî em pirse wata pêwîstî be bizûtneweyekî berbillawî wergêrran kok bin, ewe be dilllinyayyewe werrêxistin û pêşxistinî em bizûtneweman heye? Eger le halumercî êsta da tenya îmkanatî başûrî Kurdistan le ber çaw bigirîn û sernic bideyne budceyî sallaneyî em herême, bo man derdekewêt ke be şêweyekî rrêjeyî layene maddeyî em projeye zor cêgakî xem nîye. Terxankirdinî beşêk le budceyî willat bo projeyekî lem çeşne jîrî û wişyarî komellgeyî kurdî le merr pêdawîstîye neteweyyekanî degeyenêt.

Beşekanîtirî Kurdistan le halumercî êsta da detuwanî sermayeyî mirovî em projeye desteber ken. Dabeşbûnî kurdekan be ser çuwar ferheng û coxrafyayî ciyawaz da, sererasî rrûberû kirdneweyeyan legell giriftî zor, lanî kem le biwarêkewe buwete hoyî dewlemendî em netewe bêdewlete. Em dewlemendîye ştêk nîye cige le firezmanebûnî kurdekan. Be watayekîtir her kurdêk be şêweyekanî giştî lane kem zimanêk

le zimanî zigmakî xoyî dezanêt. Le bîr man bêt ke dû bizûtneweyî mêjûyî wergêran le astî cîhanî da ziyatir lew nawçane siryan hellda ke çend ferheng û zimanî ciyawaz degîşitne yektir. Mirovî nawçegelî sibûrî berdewam legell ziyatir le ziman û ferhengêk da dejîn û em diyardeyeş eger ciwanî kellk lê wergîrêt sermayeyekî be nirx e. Eger kurdî tarawgeş ke le çenddeyî rrabirdû da perrêweyî hemû kelên û qujbinî em cîhane bûne, bênîne naw em hawkêşeye, îtir rradeyî sermayeyî zimanî û ferhengî kurdî berdest ziyatir xoyî derdexat. Be hebûnî em sermaye mirovî û giranbehaye bizûtneweyekî be plan detuwanêt le maweyekî ne zor dûr da kurdan bikat be xawenî hezaran berhemî wergêrdirawe le çendîn zimanewe û le hemû buwarekanî zanist û huner û edeb da.

Werêxistinî projeyekî awa detuwanêt le buwarî zimanîyewe yarmetîderêkî bêwêne bêt bo destewerkirdinî henbaneyî wişe û dewllemendkirdinî wişedanî zimanî kurdî. Projeyî wergêran le buwarî zanistîyewe detuwanêt wellamêk bêt bo pêdawîstîyekanî zankokanî Kurdistan ke berdewam lezyadbûndan. Nakirê êsta ew hebuwe zankoyeman hebêt û le buwarî matirîyalî xuwêndnewe hîç hewllêkî be bername nedeyin bo arastekirdinî wanekan be zimanî kurdî û be şistîwaneyî serçaweyî kurdî. Xuwêndekarî kurdî debê lanî kem le her buwarêk da ke dexuwênêt komellêk serçaweyî be zimanekeyî xoyî le ber dest da bêt. Xuwênerewanî kurdîş bo eweyî hest be hebûn û karabûnî zimanekayan biken debê le her buwarêk da destyan be komellêk serçawe be zimanî kurdî rrabgat. Eme tenya wellamdereweyî pêdawîstîye zanistîyekanî mirovî kurd nîye. Bellku le rrastî da wellamêkîşe be hestî mirovbûn û netewebûnî. Hestêk ke bo berzkirdneweyî rradeyî bawerrbexobûn û desteberkirdinî nasnameyekî kûrdeyî zor giring e.

Wergêranî be plan û bername detuwanêt hokarêkî kara bêt bo dewlemendinkirdinî zimanî kurdî le buwarî wişew û tenanet rrewanbêjî zimanîyewe. Bem kare zemîneyî gorankarî erênî le şêwazî derbirînî zanistî û abisitraktî zimanî kurdî ziyatir le eweyî hemane, derrexsêt. Zor be sanayî dekrêt billêm ke bem kare buware bo pêşxistinî zimanî kurdî le buwarî zanistîyewe ziyatir xoş dekrêt. Rrewtî stnadarbûnî ziyatirî zimanî kurdî be hêyî wergêranewe xêrate û be birrişttir debêt.

Dariştinî projeyekî hemelayene ke têy da be wirdî bas le planekanî wergêran bikrêt erkêkî pêwîstî û girîng. Pirsyar eweye kê debêt em kare bikat. Aya projeyekî awa erkêkî hikumetîye? Aya be le ber çaw girtinî giringî projeyekî lem çeşne dekirê mirov dest le ser dest danêt û çawerrwan bêt layenêk rrojêk le rrojan bête ser ew bawerre ke şetêkî awa pêwîste û debê bikrêt? Be bawerrî min le ber pirrçercibûn û frelayenî stratêjî wergêran debê damudezgayî pêwendîdarî hikumetî, yekem layenî berpirsyar bin le dariştin û gellalekirdin û duwacar berrêwebirdinî em projeye. Le ber giringî buwareke baştir waye barrêweberayetîyekî taybet le yek wezaretekan bo em kare terxan bikrêt. Duwatir debê em berrîweberayetîye bo dariştinî planêkî tokmeyî hawkarî legell wezaretekanî tirî hikûmet da hewll bidat. Debê ber le her ştêk, bepêyî tuwanayî mallî, hewllî darriştinî planêkî pênc salle bidrêt û têy da destnîşane bikrêt ke kame buwaregel pêdawîstinî serekîyan be wergêran heye? Debê pêdawîstinî xuwêndinge û zankokan le barî serçawekanî xuwêndin û lêkolînewe destnîşan bikrêt. Debê lêjneyî taybet bo buware û dîsîplîne zanistî, hunerî û edebîyekan dabindirêt. Debê pêwerekanî wergêran diyarî bikrêt û bo hemû buwarekan komîteyî taybetî pêdaçûnewe û yeksedtkirdinî rrênûs û wişedanan û ferhengokî pîsporrîyane dabmezrêt. Her buwarêkî wergêran debêt le ser binemayî pêdawîstîye henûkeyî û dirêjxayenekanewe destnîşan bikrêt. Aşikraye debê lejneyî berrîweberayetî wergêran kellk le ezmûnekanî pêşû wergirêt û hewll bidat kar û berhemî nawendekanî wergêran le rrabirdû da helsengênêt û le destkewtekanî ewan bikollêtewe û le dupatkirdineweyî helkanyan xo biparêzêt.

Layene xora xorekanî komellgeyî medenî debê bepîl destpêşxerîyekî lem çeşneyî hikûmetewe biçin û hawkarî biken. Berrêweberayetî wergêran debê zor be şeffafî û aşikrayî wirdekarîyekanî prrojekeyî billaw bikatewe û berdewam destî yarmetî bo tak û kor û komellî pêwendîdar be wergêranewe dirêj bikat.

Hebûnî dezgayekî taybet be darriştinî planî wergêran ber manaye nîye ke dahênan û hewllî takekesî wepişt guyê bixrêt. Le hemû serdem û komelgeyek da destpêşxerî û tuwanayî tak le buwarî wergêrran da hengawî giringin ke duwacar morî xoyan le ser destkewtekanî serdemêkî diyarîkraw deben. Karî berrêweberayeteyî debê ber le her ştêk plandarêjî û amadekirdinî pêdawîstîye mallî û locîstîyekanî wergêran bêt. Nabê be hîç şêweyek pêş le dahênan û destpêşxerî tak û tenanet kor û komellî hogir be wergêran bigîrêt.

Le ber eweyî le dunya emrro da matirryalî zanistî, hunerî û edebî be rradeyek zore, birryardan le ser diyarîkirdinî ew berhemaneyî debê wergêrrdirêne ser zimanî kurdî erkêkî sana nîye. Yek le erke serekîyekanî berrêweberayetî wergêran le Kurdistan kokirdineweyî hebû deng û wizekane bo destnîşankirdinî siyaset û planî wergêran. Wergêranî nuwêtrîn destkewtekanî mirov le astî cîhan da debête diyarîyekî gewreyî zanistî û zimanî bo komellgeyî kurdî û xuwênereweyî kurd xoyî be bextewer dezanêt ke xawenî zimanêke ke detuwanêt hellgirî deqî duwa berhemekanî em serdeme bêt. Xuwêndneweyî zincîre kitêbekanî zankokanî Oksford û Kembêrîc û Harvard diyarîyekî pêwêneye bo mirovî kurd ke hawterîb legell pêşkewte siyasî û komellayetîyekanî Kurdistan, hest be pêşkewtinî zimanekeşî bikat. Xuwêndneweyî rromangelî nuwê cîhanî be zimanî kurdî, diyarîyekî be nirx e bo xuwênereweyî kurd û çêjwergirtinî le destkewte edebîyekanî cîhanî emrro. Agadarbûn le alugorîyekanî dunyayî endêşe û hizrî însanî be zimanî kurdî, dananî ew telareye ke le hemû telarekanîtirî Kurdistan berztir û pêwîstir e.

[1] Bo zanyarî ziyatir û layene ciyawazekanî wergêran û guwasitneweyî ferhengekan pirwane: Budick, Snaford & Iser Wolfgang, The Translatability of Cultures, Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1996.

[2] Bo zanyarî le ser bizûtneweyî wergêran û guwasitneweyî zanistî Yonanî bo naw jiyan û dunyayî Îslamî û lêkdaneweyekî wird û hebe layeneyî hokarekan û kartêkeyyakanî em bizûtneweye, birrwane: Gutas, Dimitry, Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early ‘Abbasaid Society (2nd-4tc/8th-10th c.), London: Routledge, 1998.

[3] Bo xiwêndineweyekî hemelayenî jiyarî Îslamî û hemerrengî û gorankarîyekanî em jiyar û şaristanîye le maweyî 14 sededa birrwane berhemî kurt, bellam puxtî lêkolewereyî benawbangî cîhanî û be reçelleyî hermenî, Vartan giringoryan, le berpirsanî dezgayî lêkollîneweyî karnêgî le wellate yekgirtuwekanî amrîka: Vartan Gregorian, Islam: A Mosaic, Not a Monolith, Washington: Brookings Instituion Press, 2003.

[4] Gerard of Cremona (c. 1114-87)

[5] Bo zanyarî wird le ser wergêran û wergêrekanî em serdeme, birrwane: Alverny, M.T. “Translations and Translators”, in R.L.Benson, G. Constable and C.D. Lanham (eds), Renaissance and Renewal in the Twetfth Century, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1982, rr. 421-62.

[6] Bo zanyarî wird le ser guwasitneweyî hizrî Yonanî û erebî bo rrojawa, biruwane: Lindberg, D.C., “the Transmission of Greek and Arabic Learning to the West”, in Lindberg, David, C. (ed.), Science in the Middle Ages, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1978, rr. 52-90.

[7] Bo zanyarî ziyatir le ser rrewtî modêrnîzasyonî împiratoryakanî Usmanî û Qacar le sedeyî nozdehem da û duwatir damezrandinî dewletnetewekanî erebî, turkî û Êran, le nêw serçawegelî zor û berbillaw be zimanî îngilîsî birwane em dû berheme sernicrakêş û heme layenan: Albert Hourani, Phillip Khoury and Mary C. Wilson (eds) . The Modern Middle East, London: I.B. Tauris, 2004.

[8] Lapidos, Ira, M. A. History of Islamic Societies, London: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Bo zanyarî le ser rrewtî wergêran, be taybetî le buwarî edebî da, bo ser zimanî kurdî, pirrwane: Ahmadzadeh, Hashem, Nation and Novel: A Study of Persian and Kurdish Narrative Discourse, Uppsala University Press, 2003, chapter 3.

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