QALBÎ HUNERIYÎ TUXMÎ RÛDAW LE ROMANÎ – (Cemşîd xanî mam ke hemşe ba legel xoy da deybird) Bextiyar ‘Elî da

QALBÎ HUNERIYÎ TUXMÎ RÛDAW LE ROMANÎ

(Cemşîd xanî mam ke hemşe ba legel xoy da deybird) Bextiyar ‘Elî da

Heme Mentik – latînîzekirin: Mizgîn Aslan

Kurte

Hîç romanêk bebê rûdaw nabêt, wate em tuxme dayinemoyi romane. Serçaweyi wergirtinî ruwaw lelayi romaninûs waqî’ û xeyall û fentaziyayi xoyetî. Boyeyş debî hawsengî lenêwan em aw duwaneda bê. wate eger romanêk rûdawekanî pitir waqî’î bûn, ewa karîgerî leser layenî hunerî romaneke debê, beweyi xwêner dezanê em rûdawane le waqî’da hen, kewate pêwîst nîye boyi bas bikrê. Eger xeyal e fentaziya beşêweyekî zor zall bû, ewa rûdawekan ptir le dro nêzik debinewe, bemeyş karîgerî leser hestî qena’et pêkrdinî xwêner debê. Le romanî (cemşîdxan…) Bextiyar ‘Elî da rûdawekan hênde waqî’yane degêrrdrênewe, her kurdêkî başûrî kurdistan, ke deyxwênêtewe hest deka em rûdawaneyi dîtuwe, yan lenêwîda jiyawe, kewate em zallbûnî waqî’yete karîgerî leser layenî hunerî û tekinîkî romaneke hebuwe. Rûdawekanî cengî êran -’êraq zorbeyi xellkî têyda jiyawe, lem romane waqî’yane karî lebarewe krawe, wate hest be cêdestî romaninûs nakeyin, gemeyi zimanî legell çoniyetî gêrraneweyi rûdawekan nekrduwe, bellkû pitir hewllîdawe çîyetî babet bigêrrêtewe.

Tuxmî rûdaw, wekû tûxmêkî serekîyî bunyadî hunerî roman rolî berçavî le behunerkirdî romanda heye. Bêguman hemû romannûsêk debê le hewlî eweda bêt waqî’êkî dîkeyi hunerîyi cuda le jiyan bafrênê, çunkû lewêwe hunerîyi bûnî romaneke bediyardekewê. Bo afrandinî em weqî’e edebî û hunerîye, romannûs serçaweyî cudawazî leberdestan wekû: Waqi’î jiyan, fentazya, mêjû (behemû rûdaw u kesayetiyekanîyewe). Tuxmî rûdaw zor giringe, giringîyakeyi lewedaye hîç romanêk bebê rûdaw nabê. Bo em tuxme le zuwewe wekû tiyorî basî kirawe. Ersto le kitêbî (hunerî ş’ir) da le basî trajidyada delêt: (tracidya birîtiye le lasayî kirdnewey kirdeweyekî sengîn û lexoyewe tewaw rêgeyştû ke dirêjîyekî diyarî heye)1 lêreda Ersto dawayî yekêtyî rûdaw deka, rûdawekeyş debê lasayî kirdewey mirov bê, kirdewekeyş debê kirdeweyekî ciwan u sengîn bê, nek kirdewey xerap, debê sereta u kotayî u nawerastiy hebê kotayyekey diyar û eşkira bê. Em hemû mercane bo tuxmî rûdaw leserdemî yonaîyekan ziyatir bo şanogeriyekan terxan kirawe. Belam (Homiros) yekem kesêk bû em zincirîreyî bûney rûdaw le (Elyade u Odêse) da zêkişkand û rûdawekanî le nawerastewe gêrayewe. Bo baskirdinî tuxmî rûdaw be şêweyekî tiyorî hewîrêke ew zor dekêşî çunkû bepêyî jimarewe tiyorînasan pênase û raveman bo tuxmî rûdaw heye, boyeyiş lem nûsîneda biwarî ewe nîye be şêweyekî tiyorî tuxmî rûdaw bas bikeyn, yan binyatekanî rûda wek (binyatî şiwênkewte, binyatî têhelkêş, binyatî hawseng, binyatî bazneyî) û şêwazekaniy gêpranewey rûdaw le roman bas bikeyn. Belke amancî ême lem nûsîne eweye be şêweyeyekî zanistî tiwêjînewe le hunerîyi bûn tuxmî rûdaw le romanî (Cemşidxanî mame…) bikeyn. Aya Bextiyar Elî çon rûdawekanî wergirtuwe? Aya romannnûs tiwaniyutî waqî’êkî dîke lenêw romaneke bafrênê? Hunerîyi bûnî rûdawekanî nêw em romane le kiwêdeye? Hewildedeyn le rê weramdanewey em pirsyaranewe biçîne nêw deqeke mêtodî bunyadgerî bo em nûsîne pêrew dekeyn u le çwarçêweyî romaneke naçîne derewe.

Pêştir basman le sercawekanî wergirtinî rûdaw kird. Be boçûnî (Eta Nehayî) wergirtinî rûdaw be dû şêwe debê:

Rûdawî waqî’î: Em rûdawaney le nêw jiyanî rojane û weqî’da bûnyan heye.

Rûdawî fentazî: Em rûdawaney le weqî’da berceste nîn.

Kewate romannûs leberdem dû egerdaye, yan eweta kereseyi rûdawekan le waqî’ werdegirê, ew rûdaweyi lêreda werîdegirê renge le rabirdû rûyda bê. Yan le êstada heye, renge ledahatûda rûbidat. Yan eweta rûdawêkî fentaziye û xeyallî deyafrênê, be sûd wergirtin le efsane û hekayete folklorîyekan. Nimûneyi ew rûdawe le waqî’da bûnî nîye, berceste nîye. (Xemgîn Bollî) le nûsînêkî kurtîyda bas lewedeka: dû şêwazî gêraneweman zor waqî’îyin, duwemyan şêwazî gîranewekan zor xeyalliyin. 3. Belam helley (Bolliy) lêreda eweye wergirtiniyi rûdaw u şêwazî gêranewey têkel kirdûn. Wergirtiniyi rûdaw bew dû şêweye serewe debê ke basman kird, belam dûcor şêwazî giraneweman hen ewanîş şêwazî gêranewey babetî û xudîyin. Le şêwazî gêraneweyi babetî wegêr (alrawî) wegêrêkî hemûşitzane, desellatî tewawî beser karekterekan, rûdawekan, kat û şwên û tenanet lebriy karekterekan bîrîş dekatewe, lêreda gêraneweyekî takdengiman heye. Herçî şêwazî gêraneweyî xudiye em coreyan le nîwey duwemî sedey şêwazî peyda bû, katêk (Gostaf Flobêr) dawayî le romannûsan kird rê be karekterekan biren xoyan hest û têrwaninî xoyan derbibirîn. Lêreda wegêr xoy beşdare le nêw rûdawekan, ca am gêraneweye yan xodwandine, yan le rêyî diyalogewe debê, yan le reyî karekterêwe. Kewate eweyî wa deka romanêk zor waqî’î bê nahuneriye le wergirtî rûdewakan, nek şêwazî gêranewe, çunkû romannûs debê edet biafrênê, tiwanay qena’etpêkirdinî xwênerî hebê.

Le romanî (Cemşîdxan mame…) wergirtin û le qallibdanî rûdawekan ew êstatîkayeyan nîye, ke romannûs le romanekanî dike efirandûnî, lem romaneda serçaweyî wergirtinî rûdawekan waqî ‘yî jiyanin, zorbeyî rûdawekanîş rabirdûn, legell eweşda le zor şwên penayi weber rûdawî fentazî birduwe. Em romane karesat û rûdawî nizîk be (25) sal degêrêtewe. Her le seretayî heştekanî sedeyî rabirdûwewe takû seretayî sal (2000). Karesat û rûdawekanî: cengî heşt saleyi ‘êraq û êran, raperînî 1991 kurd, şerî birakujî, giranî û abilûqeyi abûrî newedekan, billawbûneweyi bîrî îslamî siyasî le nêw gêncan, koçî gencî kurd bo awrûpa. Em rûdawane hênde waqî’îyane kariyan leserkrawe karîgerî nahunerîyi bo ser bunyadî romaneke hebû, çunkû hênde be giştî ew rûdawane gêrdirawnetewe fezayî hunerî romanekeyî kuştuwe. Heryekî lem karesat û rûdawane le sedan wirde çîrok û rûdaw pêkhatûn, yekêk le kêşeyi wergirtinî rûdaw wekû tuxmêk le waqî’ bo nêwroman eweye be şêweyekî giştî rûdaweke werdegirê, belam eger binorîn heryekî lew rûdawane wirde rûdaw û çirokî ciwanî têda hen, ke sanetir detwanrê êstatîka û waqî’êkî dîkeyan lê bafrênrê. (çîrok û roman le nax û cewherî xoyda dahateyekî sitatîkî û ciwankaraneye, le katêkda karesat waqî’êkî tall û dije mirovaneye, ke hîç ciwaniyekî têdaniye.)4

Le gêranewe rûdawekanî şerî heşt salleyi ‘êraq û êran, rûdawekanî be şêweyeke zor wişk dexwêndrênewe. Le nêw ew şereda wirde çîrokî û rûdawî zor karîgerman hen. Wirdekarî be şêweyekî hunerî le çininî rûdawekanî ew çenge nabînrêt, belam eger temaşî romanekanî dikey romannûs bikeyn, ew wirdekariye le çinikî rûdawekan berçawdekewn.

(Ew şewe le demewbeyanewe û be dirêjayî rojîş topxanekanî ‘eraq û firoke cengîyekanî supa ew şwêne nihênaneyan kuta ke mame cemşdîm destinîşanîkirdbûn.)5

Eger seyrî em wêneye bikeyin zor rût û waqî’îyi dêteberçaw, çunkû her xwênerêk le heşitayekan jiyabêt ewe dezanêt em şerre çon buwe. Yan ew xwêneraneyi le bawkiyan, yan birayan bîstuwe lebareyi em cengewe. qallbî hunerî bo wergirtinî rûdaw debê be şêweyek bê (eger rûdaweke le waqî’ewe wergîrabê), wa le xwêner bika, ew bîrh bixate mêşkî xwênerewe, ke bellê ew rûdaweyi le şwênêk bîstuwe, bellam bew şêwe êstatîkîye na, yan wayi lê bika deşê rûdawêkî wa rûbida. Katêk romanî (demê merg demê xişewîstî)î (îrîş marîya rîmark) dexwênînewe, ewîş rûdawekanî cengî duwemî cîhanî degêrrêtewe, bellam le koyi rûdawe giştiyekanî şereke, dîmenekêyi biçûk, ke xoşewîstî nêwan serbarêk û kiçêke degêrêtewe, lewê çinînî rûdawekan wirdekarî têdaye, bellam le xemşîdxan le hêndêk şiwên eger xwêner peregrafêk labban, kêmasî le gêraneweke dirust nabê. Ewîş behoy dirêjî katî gêraneweye, lew maweyeşda rûdawekan zorin, naçar be zor le pall yekdî pestênrawin, naçar wegêr (Elrawe) î roman zû zû katî romaneke debatepêş û beser rûdawekan bazdeda. Zû zû xwêner ber destewajêy (Diway sê hefte, diway şeş mang, çend salêk diwatir, le hefte û mangekanî dahatûda, lew çend saleyi cengda… tad) Dekewê emeyiş bazadanî wegêre bo geyştin be rûdawekanî diwatir, le heryekêk rûdawêk be şêwe giştiyekeyi gêrrdrawetewe.

Le gêraneweyi rûdawekanî koçî gençanî kurd bo Ewrûpa, beheman şêwe, gêranewe rûdawekan zor krêt û rûtin, hest dekeyi xeyall huneryan têda lawaze. Çunkû ew rêye qaçaxey xelk pêyda bo Ewrûpa deroyşit, hênde baskirawe lelayen ew kesaney sinûrdaş dekiranewe, ewey seferîş nekirduwe şareza buwe. Eger nimûney ew rûdawey deygêrdirêwe le waqî’işda hebê, karkirdinî romannûs leser ew pantayane huneritre ke feramoşkiraw, çunkû lewîda xeyall romannûs detwanî sanatir gemekanî xoy bika. (mêjû rûdawe gewrekan, deskewt û şikistekan denûsêtewe -diyare zorcar be diro û şêwendrawiy- ewekarî çîroknûs û romannûs bigêrenewe ser ew rûbere feramoşkirawane û karî têda biken)6 bewateye mêjû zêtir kar le rûbere giştiyekan bo gêranewe deka, bellam roman behoy xeyalewe kar leser ewrûberane deka, ke nadyarin, feramoşkirawin hemû xellk pey pê nebirduwe. Bo nimûne lem romaneda zor be giştî rûdawî qaçaxçî û jiyanî ew gencaneyî bo Ewrûpa deron gêrdirawetewe.

(Şewekî hawîn be hemû neferakanmanewe berew sinûr kewtîne rê, petî tewawman kiribû, rênmayî tewawman dabû be neferekan. Leser sinûrî yonan dabezin û le şaxî û cengellistanêkî gewreda le xallêkewe ke zor dûr nebû le sinûrî Bulgaristan dabezin leser sinûr hemû neferekanman le tirsa delerzîn û minîş delerzîm…) le 105 gêpranewe rûdawî birînî sinorî têwan dû willat pirr le zehmetî û nexoşiye, bellam wegêr hênde be aramî û sanayî basî deka, xwêner çi mamlanêyek hest pê naka. Mamlanêyi rûberûneweyi sextî ew rêye. Berastî zor lew kesaney bewêda royşitûn be şêweyekî seyr bas le zehmetiyekanî ew rêye deken. Le gêranewey ew rûdawane ewey fomalîtekan nawyan nabû (Nabawkirdin) berçawnakewê. ( dozînewe û bawerî formalîstekan lemer diyardeyi namokirdin yarmetideriy têgeyşitine le pêkhatey edet begiştî û roman be taybetî û şêwey afrandiniy edebî leser binemayî be larrêbirdinî xwêner lelayen nûserewe behoy têkellkirdini waqî’ berhest û naberhest û gêranewe rûdawgelî rabirdû yaxo rûdawgeli şiyawî wedîhatin le êsta û dahatû)7

Sûdwergirtn le rûdawekanî waqî’ û jiyanî takekesî, karêkî becêye, bellam gêranewe û giwastnewey ew rûdawane bo nêw karêkî edebî le çeşnî roman, yan çîrok, debê nabawbikirê. Wate xwêner katêk ew rûdawane dexwênêtewe hest be çêjî edebî bika. Gêranewe ew rûdaweney gencî kurd le rrê qaçaxî turkiya û yonan bo kesêkî wekû min ke nemdiwe, çêjî xoy heye, bellam bo kesêk ke bew rrêyeda rroştibê hîç çêjêkî nîye, çunkû le waqî’da ew kese diyuyetî.

Kewate yekêk le kêşekanî wergiritnî rûdaw wekû tuxmêk bo roman le romanî kurdî begiştî (tak û tera nebê) û em romane betaybetî zor waqî’yane rûdawekan degêrrêtewe. Bebê eweyi hewllîdabî waqî’êkî dîkeyi lê bixulqênê, yan ew heste lekin xwêner dirust bika, renge rûdagelî lem çeşne le êsta û dahatûda rûbida.

Kêşeyekî dike wergirtine rûdaw le romanî kurdî be giştî û em romane betaybetî bê sinûr fentezî bûnî rûdawe. Bêguman le romanda firînî mirov, xwardinî asin, zîndûbûneweyi mirdû, qissekirdinî mirdû… tad hemûyi rewaye. Bellam romannûs çon ew qena’ete lelay xwêner dirust deka, ke em rûdawane asayîn. Le romanî (nihênî yarî kaxezi) î (bostayin garder ) lewêda kaxezekanî yarî qumar wekû mirov qise deken, decullênewe, kargeyi şûşeyan heye. Romanî (Pîdirro Paramo) î (Xwan Rollfo) katêk wegêrr bedwayi bawkî deçête gundekeyan, lewêda hîç gundêk bûnî nîye, xelkekeyşî hemû mirdûn, bellam hemûyan qise deken, cûlleyî jiyan heye, mamlanê heye, tenanet wegêrrîş demirê bellam qiseyiş deka. Hunermendî romanûs lewêdaye qena’et be xwêner bika. Em nabawkirdine lem romane zor lawaze, şitekan be şêweyek fentazî dekirên, guman lelayi xwêner dirust deken. Wekû pêştir amajemda (Bextiyar ‘Elî) zor hunermendane le romanekanî dikey karî leser diyardeyî nabawkirdin kirduwe, xwêner sersam deka betaybet le (diwahemî henarî dinya, xezilnûs û baxekanî xeyall). Yekêk le kêşekanî em romane helltoqînî rûdawe lenakaw, bebê ewey zemîney bo xoşkirabê. Lenakaw rûdawêk dewsitê û yekêk dîke dest pêdeka, bebê ewey pêştir hîç amajeyek, hêmayek bo bûnî ew rûdawe hebê rayell peyiwendî le nêwan beşekanî em romaneda zor lawaze, carêk dekewête êran, carêk pekeke hellîdegirinewe. (ew şewe ke jendirmekan gemaroyan dayin û xan le hewada berbû, ba çendîn roj her be asmanda deybat û deyhênêtewe, berew derya deyrrfênêt û deyxatewe serxak, ew le hewada debûrêtewe û dêtewe hoş xoy, dexewêt û helldestêt, xor debînêt helldêt û xor debînêt awa debêt keşitîye gewrekan debînêt tîdeperrin û keşitîye biçûkekan debînêt rawdeken… hemîşeş badeybat û ba deybat, le asmanewe roxe dûrekanî bakûrî efrîka debînêt, werdegerrê û dêtewe bo bakûr lengerêk nadozêtewe. Diwayi şewan û rojanêkî zor, ke nekes jimardunî û ne bekesîş dejmêrdrên, şewêk lenakaw hewa degate wadeyi pişuwî xoyi xan le asmanewe bo nawerrastî derya berdebêtewe.) 112-113

Em rûdawe be şêweyek fentaziye, ke xwêner goman le bûnî deka, ewey ke qena’et lelay xwêner dirust deka û cêy bawer bê, hunerî û edebiyatî deqe, belam rûdawekî lem şêweye em dûxalley têda lawaze. Debê xwênerîş ewey le bîrbê ême tenê layenî wergirtinî tuxmî rûdaw le roman berbas dedeyin, karman beser dinyabînî û têmey giştî û fikrî romanekewe nîye. Fentazî bûnî rûdaw debê legell waqî’ rayelleyeyi beyekyanewe bibestêtewe, çunkû lêreda debê waqî’ û xeyall yektiriy tewaw biken. (nimûne waqî’yekan û xeyall û xewn legell yektirda têkel debin û awêtey yektiriy debin)8 kewate ketêk romannûs rûdawêkî fentezî be hawkarî sûdwergertin le: efsane, hekayetî folklorî, pend…tad werdegirê, debê legell waqî’ biguncênê hemû gêrranewekanî nêw edebiyatî emirîkayi latînî, ke be riyalîzmî cadûyî nasrewe, leser em binemaye bende,. Amancî eweyiş nîşandanî rûdawî fentaziye le bergî waqî’, wata xwêner wayi dêteberçaw ew rûdawe fentaziye waqî’e. Rûdawe fenteziyekanî nêw guman lekin xwêner dirust deken, be kurtî hênde fenteziye tewaw le waqî’ dadebirrê, hîç rayellêk be waqî’ nabestêtewe. Herwiha serçawey rûdawe fenteziyeka diyar nîye,

Le kotayida qalbî hunerî tuxmî rûdaw lem romaneda le rûyi huneriyekewe lawaze, beberarawird legell romanekanî dikey romannûs. Qalbî rûdawekanîş lelayek hênde waqî’ye, ew heste lelay xwêner dirust deka, ke ew rûdawaney dîtwe, yan bîstuwe. Lelayekî dîke lezor şiwên be rûdawiy hênde fentazî dekewîn, ke hîç rayelleyek be waqî’ye nabestêtewe û zor dûrdekewêtewe le waqî ‘ emeyiş tiwanay qena’etpêkirdin lelay xwêner lawaz deka.

PERAWÎZ Û SERÇAWEKAN:

Hunerî şî’r, eristo, û: Ezîz Gerdî, xaneyi çap û pexşî rênma, Silêmanî,
Em boçûneney ( ‘Eta Nehayî ) le korêk le kitêpxanêy zeytûne le şariy Hewlêr le rêkewtiy (15/ 05/ 2012) bo sazkirabû, giwêman lêy bû.
Bo berçawrûnî binore: Sofya lorîn be hewêdarî, xemgîn bollî, giwovarî gelawêjî niwê, jimare: 56-57, l 282
Tewerey çîrokî kurdî, giranewe karesatekan, a: îdrîs ‘Elî, Govarî ayinde jimare:74, 2007, l82.
Cemşîdxanî mam ke hemîşe ba legell xoyda deybird, Bextiyar ‘Elî, le bilawkirekanî endêşe, salêmanî,2010, le 82.
Çawpêkewtin legell ‘Eta Mihemed a: herêm ‘usman govarî gelawêjî nêw, ji: 56-57, eylul 2012,l 239
Jiman, edeb û nasname, D.Haşm Ehmedzade, dezgayi aras, Hewlêr, 2012 l 11
‘Enasir dastan, cimal mîrsadiqî, , antşarat sixin, çap pincm, Tihran, 1385, 366

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